BLOG POST: One Step Forward or One Step Back: Artificial Intelligence Increases Accessibility but Limits Copyright Protection for Artists with Disabilities*
*This writing is a blog post. It is not a published IPTF Journal article. Josephine Meier In 2018, artist Sean Aaberg suffered a debilitating stroke, severely affecting the left side of his body.[1] Prior to his stoke, Aaberg was a boardgame designer who found success drawing colorful, vivid images and spinning classic “fantasy tropes” into something more engaging and modern for players.[2] After his stroke, Aaberg found a way to continue his craft by turning to artificial intelligence software Midjourney for assistance in rendering the drawings he was no longer capable of making independently.[3] The Midjourney program allows users to...
A Trip to Inequity: How the TRIPS Agreement Hinders Access to Needed COVID-19 Therapeutics
Ruchita Jain The COVID-19 pandemic continues to rage on in much of the world, severely affecting the health of millions. But citizens of high-income nations have accepted the pandemic to be over. The key to ending the pandemic globally across all nations is equal and efficient access to necessary COVID-19 therapeutics, including vaccines. This Article argues that least developed nations and their access to COVID-19 therapeutics, including vaccines, is negatively impacted by the TRIPS Agreement. International human rights law and the TRIPS Agreement remain incompatible, leading to disproportionate access of necessary therapeutics as systemic racism is perpetuated. Along with considering...
BLOG POST: Controller in the Courtroom: The Struggle of Collegiate ESports Under the Athletic Banner*
*This writing is a blog post. It is not a published IPTF Journal Article. Noah DeRossi-Goldberg I. Working Without a Basic Understanding A. The Misstep of Navarro Decisions about Collegiate Esports are made without judges ever taking the time to pick up a controller.[1] A recent opinion by a Florida District Court has created a roadblock for any college seeking to establish a competitive, fully funded Esports program within their athletics department.[2] The Florida Institute of Technology (“FIT”) disbanded its men’s rowing team to comply with Title IX’s mandate that men’s and women’s sports receive equal funding.[3] In determining...
Transparency is a Misplaced Regulatory Focus for Holding Adaptive Software as Medical Devices (SaMDs) Accountable
Quy Mai Adaptive Software as Medical Devices (SaMDs) play an increasingly critical role within clinical settings, assisting physicians with illness detection, diagnosis, and analysis. Use of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) techniques, such as deep machine learning and neural networks, lends adaptive SaMDs unparalleled analytical power, but not without risks. Adaptive SaMDs are typically “black-box,” meaning that they compute data such that no one can determine how it rendered outputs. “Transparency,” in the form of explainability, is frequently raised in policy discussions as a solution to track when the SaMD has erred in computing outputs. The FDA, in seeking to uphold...
Crime and Punishment: Holding Russia Accountable for Weakening Foreign Entities’ Intellectual Property Rights
Eliot Usherenko The Russian government has deliberately weakened intellectual property right protections for entities from “unfriendly countries.” Following Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent imposition of economic sanctions by the United States and its allies, the Kremlin launched policies targeting Western businesses as they withdrew from the Russian market. This Article analyzes three potential recourses—bilateral, multilateral, and non-governmental—impacted corporations and individuals could execute to hold Russia accountable for its discriminatory treatment. This Article argues that corporations should form partnerships with their respective governments to promote intergovernmental dialogue through mechanisms such as treaties, as well as undertake litigation in Russia’s...
BLOG POST: The Weak “Non-obvious” Patenting Requirement is Impeding Americans from Obtaining Affordable Pharmaceuticals*
*This writing is a blog post. It is not a published IPTF Journal Article. Sydney Closs A patent grants an inventor the right to exclude others from “making, using, importing, and selling” a patented invention for a specified period of time. 35 U.S.C. § 271. This right allows an innovator to enjoy a limited monopoly over an invention, providing important incentives for innovation. See 35 U.S.C. § 103. Under current patent law, there are five principal requirements for a new innovation to be eligible to receive a patent: (1) patentable subject matter, (2) utility, (3) novelty, (4) non-obviousness, and (5)...
For My Eyes Only: How to Protect Digital Diaries of Reproductive Data in a World Without Roe
Carolyn Zaccaro In 2022, the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade with its decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, leaving many individuals anxious about the future of their privacy rights. With millions of people using period-tracking apps, there is a massive amount of sensitive data at stake, including data that criminal prosecutors could use to criminalize people for seeking or having an abortion. Some people are better protected because of their home state’s data privacy legislation, but most Americans are left with no data privacy law protecting their sensitive data. In an era of sophisticated tracking technology, the absence of comprehensive...
BLOG POST: DR. AMAZON: SHINING A LIGHT ON HIPAA INADEQUACIES THROUGH AMAZON’S EXPANSION INTO THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY*
*This writing is a blog post. It is not a published IPTF Journal Article. Alexa Dawid Technology giants are spending billions to enter the healthcare space.[1] Offerings like Apple’s health monitoring functions on the iPhone, Microsoft’s cloud computing services for healthcare companies, and Meta’s fitness applications through its virtual reality goggles have transformed traditional notions of doctor’s offices and paper records into convenient digital systems.[2] Amazon has been one of the most ambitious within the space, debuting six HIPAA-compliant skills for Alexa in April 2019.[3] These skills mark the first time Alexa has surpassed HIPAA requirements in utilizing HIPAA-compliant...
BLOG POST: Lessons from the China Initiative: The Perils of Pursuing Foreign Policy Through Prosecutions*
*This writing is a Blog Post. It is not a published IPTF Journal Article. Joshua Nacht One week before Jeff Sessions was fired as Attorney General, he announced the November 2018 creation of the Justice Department’s “China Initiative”.[1] The China Initiative emerged to counter myriad economic and national security threats, including intellectual property (IP) theft, forced technology transfer, cyberespionage of trade secrets and national security information, and efforts to obtain and/or penetrate critical military technology.[2] By some estimates, these PRC-linked efforts cost the United States up to $30 billion a year, and have totaled $600 billion cumulatively.[3] Under Attorney General...
BLOG POST: Promises, Patents, and the Pandemic: Moderna v. Pfizer*
Emily Stark *This Writing is a Blog Post. It is not an official IPTF Article Publication. In 2020, the world desperately needed a vaccine to address the COVID-19 pandemic.[1] Three companies: Moderna, Pfizer, and Johnson & Johnson, developed and produced vaccines that would allow people to return to their ordinary lives.[2] Two of those companies, Moderna and Pfizer, both used mRNA to develop the platforms for their vaccines.[3] Researchers had been developing mRNA vaccines for years prior to the pandemic.[4] Moderna is responsible for much of the development of the mRNA vaccine technology, and Moderna filed for patents in 2010...