Boston’s iconic skyline and historic streets were’t always where they are today. Over centuries, the city expanded its footprint by filling in tidal flats, marshes, and parts of the harbor to create new land. This expansion was crucial for economic growth, transportation, and housing but it came at a great environmental cost.
The filling of Back Bay, South Bay, and East Boston Flats disrupted local waterways, which altered natural tidal flows and caused severe pollution problems. In the 19th century, stagnant water in these filled areas became pools of human and industrial waste, creating serious public health hazards. During this process of land reclamation, natural wetlands were destroyed. These wetlands served as a buffer against flooding and storm surges. The loss of these ecosystems made parts of Boston more vulnerable to coastal storms. Boston’s expansion also had long-term effects on biodiversity. The conversion of marshlands into urban spaces reduced habitats for native species, leading to declines in fish and bird populations in the harbor. Now, Boston is facing rising sea levels and have been starting new projects such as the restoration of the Back Bay Fens and flood-resistant infrastructure in order to fight against the damage they have caused. Boston’s history of landmaking has fueled its growth tremendously but it also serves as a cautionary tale – reminding us that progress should work with nature, not against it.