{"id":2958,"date":"2025-11-13T20:33:16","date_gmt":"2025-11-14T01:33:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/?page_id=2958"},"modified":"2025-12-14T09:24:27","modified_gmt":"2025-12-14T14:24:27","slug":"5-28","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/5-28\/","title":{"rendered":"5.28"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignfull size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"85\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2023\/05\/academic-dept-default.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2023\/05\/academic-dept-default.jpeg 1280w, https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2023\/05\/academic-dept-default-300x20.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2023\/05\/academic-dept-default-1024x68.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2023\/05\/academic-dept-default-768x51.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:63px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer mt-0\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\">5.28<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-space-between is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-5924e470 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background has-small-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/5-27\/\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px\">Previous<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--2\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background has-small-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/5-29\/\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px\">Next<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id2958_4e71d4-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id2958_4e71d4-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id2958_4e71d4-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(50% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(50% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id2958_4e71d4-6c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id2958_4e71d4-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id2958_4e71d4-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id2958_4e71d4-6c alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column2958_3bb972-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column2958_3bb972-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column2958_3bb972-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column2958_3bb972-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column2958_3bb972-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column2958_3bb972-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column2958_3bb972-33{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column2958_3bb972-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column2958_3bb972-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column2958_3bb972-33\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">[1] Interim, dum Ps\u0233ch\u0113 quaesti\u014dn\u012b Cup\u012bdinis intenta popul\u014ds circum\u012bbat, at ille vulnere lucernae dol\u0113ns in ips\u014d thalam\u014d m\u0101tris iac\u0113ns ingem\u0113bat. [2] Tunc avis peralba illa g\u0101via quae super fl\u016bct\u016bs mar\u012bn\u014ds pinn\u012bs natat d\u0113mergit s\u0113s\u0113 proper\u0113 ad \u014ccean\u012b profundum gremium. [3] Ibi commodum Venerem lavantem natantemque propter assist\u0113ns indicat adustum f\u012blium eius grav\u012b vulneris dol\u014dre maerentem dubium sal\u016btis iac\u0113re, (4) iamque per c\u016bnct\u014drum \u014dra popul\u014drum r\u016bm\u014dribus conv\u012bci\u012bsque vari\u012bs omnem Veneris familiam male aud\u012bre, quod \u201cille quidem mont\u0101n\u014d scort\u0101t\u016b t\u016b v\u0113r\u014d mar\u012bn\u014d nat\u0101t\u016b s\u0113cesser\u012btis, [5] ac per hoc n\u014dn volupt\u0101s \u016blla n\u014dn gr\u0101tia n\u014dn lep\u014ds, sed inc\u014dmpta et agrestia et horrida c\u016bncta sint, n\u014dn n\u016bptiae coniug\u0101l\u0113s n\u014dn am\u012bcitiae soci\u0101l\u0113s n\u014dn l\u012bberum c\u0101rit\u0101t\u0113s, sed \u0113n\u014drmis colluvi\u0113s et squ\u0101lentium foederum \u012bnsu\u0101ve fast\u012bdium.\u201d [6] Haec illa verb\u014dsa et satis c\u016bri\u014dsa avis in auribus Veneris f\u012bl\u012b lacer\u0101ns ex\u012bstim\u0101ti\u014dnem ganni\u0113bat. At Venus \u012br\u0101ta solidum excl\u0101mat repente: [7] \u201cErg\u014d iam ille bonus f\u012blius meus habet am\u012bcam aliquam? Pr\u014dm\u0113 agedum, quae s\u014dla mihi serv\u012bs amanter, n\u014dmen eius quae puerum ingenuum et investem sollicit\u0101vit, s\u012bve illa d\u0113 Nymph\u0101rum popul\u014d seu d\u0113 Hor\u0101rum numer\u014d seu d\u0113 M\u016bs\u0101rum chor\u014d vel d\u0113 me\u0101rum Gr\u0101ti\u0101rum ministeri\u014d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">[8] Nec loqu\u0101x illa conticuit avis, sed: \u201cNesci\u014d,\u201d inquit, \u201cdomina: put\u014d puellam\u2014s\u012b prob\u0113 memin\u012b, Ps\u0233ch\u0113s n\u014dmine d\u012bcitur\u2014effl\u012bct\u0113 cupere.\u201d [9] Tunc ind\u012bgn\u0101ta Venus excl\u0101m\u0101vit vel maxim\u0113: \u201cPs\u0233ch\u0113n ille meae f\u014drmae succubam, me\u012b n\u014dminis aemulam v\u0113r\u0113 d\u012bligit? N\u012bm\u012brum illud incr\u0113mentum l\u0113nam m\u0113 put\u0101vit cuius m\u014dnstr\u0101t\u016b puellam illam cogn\u014dsceret.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column2958_1b4b95-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column2958_1b4b95-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column2958_1b4b95-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column2958_1b4b95-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column2958_1b4b95-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column2958_1b4b95-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column2958_1b4b95-9a{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column2958_1b4b95-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column2958_1b4b95-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column2958_1b4b95-9a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><div class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-holder wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-horizontal-holder-mobile wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-horizontal-holder-tablet\" id=\"ub-tabbed-content-d66fcbd6-4b7d-4dcf-84b2-176a69707300\" style=\"\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-holder horizontal-tab-width-mobile horizontal-tab-width-tablet\">\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"tablist\" class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tabs-title wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tabs-title-mobile-horizontal-tab wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tabs-title-tablet-horizontal-tab\" style=\"justify-content: flex-start; \"><div role=\"tab\" id=\"ub-tabbed-content-d66fcbd6-4b7d-4dcf-84b2-176a69707300-tab-0\" aria-controls=\"ub-tabbed-content-d66fcbd6-4b7d-4dcf-84b2-176a69707300-panel-0\" aria-selected=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-title-wrap active\" style=\"--ub-tabbed-title-background-color: #eeeeee; --ub-tabbed-active-title-color: inherit; --ub-tabbed-active-title-background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: left; \" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-title\">Notes<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div role=\"tab\" id=\"ub-tabbed-content-d66fcbd6-4b7d-4dcf-84b2-176a69707300-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"ub-tabbed-content-d66fcbd6-4b7d-4dcf-84b2-176a69707300-panel-1\" aria-selected=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-title-wrap\" style=\"--ub-tabbed-active-title-color: inherit; --ub-tabbed-active-title-background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: left; \" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-title\">Vocabulary<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div role=\"tab\" id=\"ub-tabbed-content-d66fcbd6-4b7d-4dcf-84b2-176a69707300-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"ub-tabbed-content-d66fcbd6-4b7d-4dcf-84b2-176a69707300-panel-2\" aria-selected=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-title-wrap\" style=\"--ub-tabbed-active-title-color: inherit; --ub-tabbed-active-title-background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: left; \" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-title\">Media<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tabs-content\" style=\"\"><div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-content-wrap active\" id=\"ub-tabbed-content-d66fcbd6-4b7d-4dcf-84b2-176a69707300-panel-0\" aria-labelledby=\"ub-tabbed-content-d66fcbd6-4b7d-4dcf-84b2-176a69707300-tab-0\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em><em><em><em><em><em><em><em>A bird dives down to Venus and happily reveals Cupid\u2019s secret to her.<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>quaesti\u014dn\u012b: <\/strong>dative object of the compound participle <em>intenta<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>propter: <\/strong>Take adverbially. <em>Venerem<\/em> is the direct object of <em>assist\u0113ns.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>indicat: <\/strong>governs 2 indirect statements whose verbs are <em>iac\u0113re <\/em>and <em>aud\u012bre<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>sal\u016btis: <\/strong>objective genitive with <em>dubium <\/em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.dickinson.edu\/grammar\/latin\/genitive-adjectives\">A&amp;G \u00a7349<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>male aud\u012bre: <\/strong>\u201cto hear ill (of oneself).\u201d (L&amp;S <a href=\"https:\/\/logeion.uchicago.edu\/audio\"><em>audi\u014d <\/em>II.D<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ille\u2026fast\u012bdium: <\/strong>The verbs are subjunctive because this is a subordinate<em> <\/em>clause within indirect discourse (<a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.dickinson.edu\/grammar\/latin\/declamatory-sentences-indirect-discourse\">A&amp;G \u00a7580<\/a>). Forms of <em>sum<\/em> have to be supplied in the clauses \u201c<em>ac\u2026lep\u014ds<\/em>,\u201d \u201c<em>n\u014dn n\u016bptiae\u2026c\u0101rit\u0101t\u0113s<\/em>,\u201d and \u201c<em>sed \u0113n\u014drmis\u2026fast\u012bdium<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>s\u0113cesser\u012btis: <\/strong>2nd person plural with two subjects, <em>ille<\/em> and <em>t\u016b<\/em>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>l\u012bberum: <\/strong>shortened form of <em>l\u012bber\u014drum<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ex\u012bstim\u0101ti\u014dnem: <\/strong>take as \u201creputation\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>am\u012bcam: <\/strong>This word can also mean \u201cmistress\u201d or \u201ccourtesan\u201d (L&amp;S <a href=\"https:\/\/logeion.uchicago.edu\/amicus\">2. <em>am\u012bcus<\/em>, <em>am\u012bca<\/em> I.B<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>quae s\u014dla: <\/strong>modifying an understood feminine <em>t\u016b<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>mihi: <\/strong>dative object of <em>serv\u012bs<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nymph\u0101rum\u2026Hor\u0101rum\u2026M\u016bs\u0101rum\u2026Gr\u0101ti\u0101rum: <\/strong>Each of these are a group of young, beautiful goddesses. The Nymphs were a large and diverse group of goddesses personifying various aspects of nature, such as rivers, mountains, and regions. The three or four Horae were associated with the seasons. The nine Muses were considered the patrons of various genres of art. The three Charites or Graces were associated with charm and beauty, thus why Venus calls them her own (OCD, \u201cNymphs\u201d). (See Media for images.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>nec: <\/strong>not negating <em>loqu\u0101x<\/em>, but <em>conticuit<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ps\u0233ch\u0113s \u2026 Ps\u0233ch\u0113n: <\/strong>Greek genitive and accusative singular forms, respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>cupere: <\/strong><em>puellam<\/em> is the direct object, placed at the start of the clause for emphasis. The subject, Cupid, must be inferred from context.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>vel maxim\u0113: <\/strong>\u201cas loudly as possible,\u201d \u201cextremely loudly\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>l\u0113nam\u2026m\u0113: <\/strong><em>m\u0113 <\/em>is the direct object of <em>put\u0101vit<\/em>, while <em>l\u0113nam<\/em> is a predicate accusative (<a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.dickinson.edu\/grammar\/latin\/double-accusatives\">A&amp;G \u00a7392<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>cogn\u014dsceret: <\/strong>subjunctive in relative clause of purpose<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"tel:617-552-4219.html\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div><div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-tabbed-content-d66fcbd6-4b7d-4dcf-84b2-176a69707300-panel-1\" aria-labelledby=\"ub-tabbed-content-d66fcbd6-4b7d-4dcf-84b2-176a69707300-tab-1\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\n<p><strong>ingem\u0113sc\u014d, -ere, -u\u012b: <\/strong>to groan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>g\u0101via, -ae, f.: <\/strong>a type of sea-bird, perhaps a tern (Kenney ad loc.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>d\u0113merg\u014d, -ere, -s\u012b, -sus: <\/strong>to sink, plunge, dive<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>proper\u0113: <\/strong>swiftly<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>commodum:<\/strong> just then, at once<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>adustus, -a, -um <\/strong>&lt; <em>ad\u016br\u014d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>scort\u0101tus, -\u016bs m.: <\/strong>whoring<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>nat\u0101tus, -\u016bs m.: <\/strong>(the act of) swimming<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>lep\u014ds <\/strong>= <em>lepor, -\u014dris m.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>inc\u014dmptus, -a, -um: <\/strong>rough, inelegant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0113n\u014drmis, -e: <\/strong>immoderate, immense<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>colluvi\u0113s, -\u0113\u012b, f.: <\/strong>See <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/5-23\/\">5.23.6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>squ\u0101le\u014d, -\u0113re, -u\u012b: <\/strong>to be filthy, squalid, neglected<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u012bnsu\u0101vis, -e: <\/strong>unpleasant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ganni\u014d, -\u012bre: <\/strong>to chatter<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>solidum: <\/strong>(adv.) <strong>\u00a0<\/strong>thoroughly<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>agedum: <\/strong>Come on!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ingenuus, -a, -um: <\/strong>not \u201cnative,\u201d but \u201cdelicate,\u201d \u201ctender\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>investis, -e: <\/strong>beardless<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>loqu\u0101x, -\u0101cis: <\/strong>talkative<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>contice\u014d, -\u0113re, -u\u012b: <\/strong>to be silent<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>efflict\u0113 <\/strong>(adv.)<strong>: <\/strong>to death, desperately<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>succuba, -ae f.: <\/strong>rival<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>incr\u0113mentum, -\u012b n.: <\/strong>progeny, offspring<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>l\u0113na, -ae f.: <\/strong>pimp (female)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>m\u014dnstr\u0101tus, -\u016bs, m.:<\/strong> showing<\/p>\n\n<\/div><div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-tabbed-content-d66fcbd6-4b7d-4dcf-84b2-176a69707300-panel-2\" aria-labelledby=\"ub-tabbed-content-d66fcbd6-4b7d-4dcf-84b2-176a69707300-tab-2\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id2958_dbde22-47 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id2958_dbde22-47 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id2958_dbde22-47 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(90% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(10% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id2958_dbde22-47 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id2958_dbde22-47 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id2958_dbde22-47 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id2958_dbde22-47 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column2958_5db125-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column2958_5db125-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column2958_5db125-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column2958_5db125-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column2958_5db125-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column2958_5db125-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column2958_5db125-69{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column2958_5db125-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column2958_5db125-69 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column2958_5db125-69\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-23441af8 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"740\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2025\/12\/unnamed-1-1024x740.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2025\/12\/unnamed-1-1024x740.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2025\/12\/unnamed-1-300x217.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2025\/12\/unnamed-1-768x555.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2025\/12\/unnamed-1-1536x1110.png 1536w, https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2025\/12\/unnamed-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A marble Roman relief from the 1st c. BCE depicting Dionysus leading the Horae. Each Hora represents a different season, with the first one holding flowers for spring, the second a sheaf of wheat for summer, and the incomplete third Hora representing autumn. The fourth Hora for winter is missing. (Louvre Museum. Photo credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Dionysos_Horai_Louvre_MR720.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"617\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2025\/12\/unnamed-2-1024x617.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3135\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2025\/12\/unnamed-2-1024x617.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2025\/12\/unnamed-2-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2025\/12\/unnamed-2-768x463.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2025\/12\/unnamed-2-1536x925.png 1536w, https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/201\/2025\/12\/unnamed-2.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Thomas P. Rossiter, &#8220;Muses and Graces,&#8221; 1859, oil on canvas. Some of the Muses hold objects associated with their arts, such as a mask for drama and a drum for dance. (New Britain Museum of American Art. Photo credit:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Muses_and_Graces_by_Thomas_P._Rossiter,_1859,_oil_on_canvas_-_New_Britain_Museum_of_American_Art_-_DSC08994.JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column2958_91de92-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column2958_91de92-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column2958_91de92-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column2958_91de92-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column2958_91de92-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column2958_91de92-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column2958_91de92-d4{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column2958_91de92-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column2958_91de92-d4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column2958_91de92-d4\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons has-custom-font-size has-small-font-size is-content-justification-space-between is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-5924e470 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--3\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px\">Previous<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--4\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px\">Next<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>5.28 [1] Interim, dum Ps\u0233ch\u0113 quaesti\u014dn\u012b Cup\u012bdinis intenta popul\u014ds circum\u012bbat, at ille vulnere lucernae dol\u0113ns in ips\u014d thalam\u014d m\u0101tris iac\u0113ns ingem\u0113bat. [2] Tunc avis peralba illa g\u0101via quae super fl\u016bct\u016bs mar\u012bn\u014ds pinn\u012bs natat d\u0113mergit s\u0113s\u0113 proper\u0113 ad \u014ccean\u012b profundum gremium. [3] Ibi commodum Venerem lavantem natantemque propter assist\u0113ns indicat adustum f\u012blium eius grav\u012b vulneris dol\u014dre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2958","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"featured_image_src":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2958","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2958"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2958\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3138,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2958\/revisions\/3138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bc.edu\/latin-commentary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2958"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}